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See also Reasoning Patterns.
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Narration involves telling a story or recounting events. It is often used to provide background or context in academic writing.
Example: “In 1969, Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon, marking a significant milestone in human history. This event not only demonstrated the technological prowess of the United States but also inspired generations to pursue careers in science and engineering.”
Description uses sensory details to paint a picture for the reader. It helps to create a vivid image of a person, place, or thing.
Example: “The laboratory was a maze of glass beakers and metal instruments, each meticulously arranged on the polished granite countertops. The air was thick with the scent of chemicals, and the hum of machinery provided a constant background noise.”
Exemplification provides specific examples to illustrate a point. It helps to clarify and support arguments.
Example: “Many species are endangered due to habitat loss. For instance, the giant panda’s habitat in China has been significantly reduced due to deforestation, leading to a decline in their population.”
Definition explains the meaning of a term or concept. It is essential for clarifying complex ideas.
Example: “Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll. This process is crucial for the production of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.”
Comparison and contrast examine the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. This pattern is useful for analyzing and evaluating concepts.
Example: “While both renewable and non-renewable energy sources provide power, renewable sources such as solar and wind are sustainable and environmentally friendly, whereas non-renewable sources like coal and oil are finite and contribute to pollution.”
Cause and effect analyze the reasons something happens and the consequences of those events. It helps to understand the relationship between different factors.
Example: “The industrial revolution led to significant economic growth. However, it also caused environmental degradation, as factories emitted large amounts of pollutants into the air and water.”