A participial phrase is a grammatical construction that consists of a participle (a verb form that usually ends in "-ing" or "-ed") along with its modifiers, objects, and complements. Participial phrases are used to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence. They often act as adjectives, adding description and detail to the noun they modify.

Here are examples of participial phrases in different contexts:

1. Present Participle (-ing):

• The girl, laughing loudly, caught everyone's attention. ("laughing loudly" modifies "The girl")
• The painting, depicting a serene landscape, was admired by many. ("depicting a serene landscape" modifies "The painting")
• The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller. ("written by a famous author" modifies "The book")

2. Past Participle (-ed, -en, irregular forms, etc.):

• The worn-out shoes were discarded. ("worn-out" modifies "The shoes")
• The broken window was repaired yesterday. ("broken" modifies "The window")
• The excited children eagerly unwrapped their presents. ("excited" modifies "The children")

3. Modifying Nouns:

• The dog, wagging its tail, greeted the visitors. ("wagging its tail" modifies "The dog")
• The building, constructed in the 19th century, is a historical landmark. ("constructed in the 19th century" modifies "The building")

4. Expressing Simultaneous Actions:

• She studied while listening to music. ("listening to music" describes the simultaneous action)
• He fixed the car, humming a tune. ("humming a tune" describes the simultaneous action)

5. With Modifiers:

• The cake, beautifully decorated with icing, was the centerpiece of the party.
• The teacher, impressed by their dedication, praised their hard work.

6. In Complex Sentences: