The names of the days of the week in English have origins that can be traced back to various cultures and languages, predominantly from ancient Rome and the Norse mythology of the Germanic peoples.

1. Sunday: Named after the Sun. The name is derived from Old English "Sunnandæg," which literally means "Sun’s day." This is a translation of the Latin phrase "dies Solis." Many other languages also reference the sun in their name for this day.
2. Monday: Named after the Moon. The name comes from Old English "Monandæg," meaning "Moon’s day." This is a translation of the Latin "dies Lunae." Similar to Sunday, many other languages also reference the moon in their name for this day.
3. Tuesday: Named after Mars in Roman tradition, but in English and other Germanic languages, it is named after Týr, the Norse god of war and sky. The name comes from Old English "Tiwesdæg," which means "Tiw’s day" (Tiw being a Germanic form of Týr).
4. Wednesday: Named after Mercury in Roman tradition, but in English and other Germanic languages, it is named after Odin (Woden in Old English), the chief Norse god. The name comes from Old English "Wodnesdæg," meaning "Woden’s day."
5. Thursday: Named after Jupiter in Roman tradition, but in English and other Germanic languages, it is named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder. The name comes from Old English "Þūresdæg," meaning "Thor’s day."
6. Friday: Named after Venus in Roman tradition, but in English and other Germanic languages, it is named after Frigg (or Freyja), the Norse goddess of love and beauty. The name comes from Old English "Frīgedæg," meaning "Frigg’s day."
7. Saturday: Named after Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture. This is the only day of the week in English that retains its Roman origin in the name, "Saturday" comes from Old English "Sæternesdæg," which is derived from "dies Saturni."

These names have been used for thousands of years and have been passed down and adapted through various cultures and languages, evolving into the names we use today.