1. The 5E Model Lesson Plan

The 5E Model is a research-based instructional model that promotes active learning. It includes five phases:

• Engage: Capture students' interest and connect to prior knowledge.
• Explore: Allow students to investigate and build their understanding.
• Explain: Provide opportunities for students to articulate their understanding.
• Elaborate: Extend students' understanding through new experiences.
• Evaluate: Assess students' understanding and skills.

This model is particularly effective in science education but can be adapted for other subjects[1].

2. The Madeline Hunter Lesson Plan

Madeline Hunter's model is a classic and widely used lesson plan format that includes the following components:

• Objectives: Clear goals for what students should learn.
• Standards: Alignment with educational standards.
• Anticipatory Set: Activities to focus students' attention.
• Teaching (Input, Modeling, Check for Understanding): Direct instruction and demonstration.
• Guided Practice: Activities where students practice new skills with teacher support.
• Independent Practice: Activities for students to practice skills independently.
• Closure: Summarizing the lesson and reinforcing key points.

This structured approach helps ensure that all essential elements of effective teaching are covered[2].

3. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Lesson Plan

UDL is a framework that aims to improve and optimize teaching for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn. The UDL lesson plan includes: