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Determiners are words or phrases that precede and modify nouns in a sentence. They provide more information about the noun they accompany, such as quantity, possession, specificity, and definiteness. Determiners play a crucial role in specifying and clarifying the meaning of nouns in context. There are several types of determiners, each serving a distinct purpose.

1. Articles
   • Definite Article (the): Refers to a specific noun that is known to both the speaker and the listener.
     • Example: The car is parked outside.
   • Indefinite Articles (a, an): Refer to non-specific nouns, introducing them to the reader or listener for the first time.
     • Example: I saw a cat in the garden.
2. Demonstratives
   • This, that, these, those: Point out specific nouns or groups of nouns in relation to the speaker's location and perspective.
     • Examples:
       • This book is interesting.
       • Those flowers are beautiful.
3. Quantifiers
   • All, some, many, few, several, any, each, every: Indicate the quantity or amount of the noun.
     • Examples:
       • All students must attend the lecture.
       • She bought some new clothes.
       • Many people enjoy traveling.
4. Possessives
   • My, your, his, her, its, our, their: Indicate ownership or possession of the noun.
     • Examples:
       • This is my house.
       • Her cat is very playful.
       • Their car is parked outside.
5. Numbers
   • One, two, three, first, second, last, next: Specify the quantity or order of the noun.
     • Examples:
       • I have two dogs.
       • She is the first person in line.
       • Next week, we will meet again.
6. Distributives
   • Each, either, neither, both: Refer to individual items or members within a group.
     • Examples:
       • Each student should bring their own supplies.
       • Neither option seems suitable.
7. Interrogatives
   • Which, what, whose: Used to ask questions about the identity, possession, or type of the noun.
     • Examples:
       • Which book did you choose?
       • What is your favorite color?
8. Relative Pronouns See also Pronouns.
   • Who, whom, whose, which, that: Introduce relative clauses, providing more information about the noun they modify.
     • Examples:
       • The person who called left a message.
       • This is the book that I was talking about.

In summary, determiners are essential for specifying and adding context to nouns in English sentences. They encompass articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, possessives, numbers, distributives, interrogatives, and relative pronouns, each serving a unique purpose in conveying information about the noun they modify.